This course deepens your understanding of the complex reactions and properties of organic molecules. Learn about a range of topics, including alcohols, ethers, and related compounds; oxidation and reduction reactions; among others.

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Organic Chemistry II

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Organic Chemistry II

Course Content from McGraw-Hill

Course Number: CHEM251 Download Course Syllabus

Self Paced
Science
Content by McGraw-Hill

eTextbook

CHEM250 & CHEM251 eTextbook (an $94 value) +$0.00

Tutoring

Proctoring +$0.00

Tutoring

Tutoring +$0.00

Online Course

Organic Chemistry II +$79.00

Credits 3

Plus Membership [?]

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Course Objectives

After completing the course, students will be able to:

Predict the appearance of product(s) of a dehydration reaction, Sn1 reaction, or epoxide ring opening.
Predict the appearance of product(s) of a alkene dihydroxylation or ozonolysis reaction.
Using the inscribed polygon method to determine if a compound is aromatic
Predict the appearance of product(s) from a monosubstituted, disubstituted, or trisubstituted benzene with an electrophile.
Predict the appearance of all stereoisomers that form in a Grignard reaction.
Predict the appearance of stereoisomers that form in the intramolecular cyclization of a hydroxy aldehyde.
Rank benzoic acids in order of increasing acidity
Determine the carboxylic acid and alcohol needed for a Fischer esterification.
Use retrosynthetic analysis in a reductive amination
Use spectroscopy to identify compounds.

Topic	Name	Subtopics	Objectives
1	Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds	Structure and Bonding Nomenclature Properties of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Interesting Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides General Features—Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes Carbocation Rearrangements Dehydration Using POCl3 and Pyridine Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides with HX Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides with SOCl2 and PBr3 Tosylate—Another Good Leaving Group Reaction of Ethers with Strong Acid Thiols and Sulfides Reactions of Epoxides Application: Epoxides, Leukotrienes, and Asthma Application: Benzo[α]pyrene, Epoxides, and Cancer	Determining the number of rings and pi bonds in a compound (C14H20) hydrogenated to a compound of molecular formula C14H26 Drawing the stereoisomers from alkene epoxidation with mCPBA Drawing the products of dihydroxylation of an alkene Drawing the products of an ozonolysis reaction Identifying an alkene from ozonolysis products Predicting the product of a Sharpless reaction
3	Benzene and Aromatic Compounds	The Structure of Benzene Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives Spectroscopic Properties Interesting Aromatic Compounds Benzene’s Unusual Stability The Criteria for Aromaticity—Hückel’s Rule Examples of Aromatic Compounds Aromatic Heterocycles What Is the Basis of Hückel’s Rule? The Inscribed Polygon Method for Predicting Aromaticity	Determining if a cyclic, planar compound is aromatic, antiaromatic, or not aromatic Determining is a planar compound is aromatic, antiaromatic, or not aromatic Determining if a planar heterocyclic compound is aromatic, antiromantic or not aromatic Using the inscribed polygon method to determine if a compound is aromatic
4	Reactions of Aromatic Compounds	Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution The General Mechanism Halogenation Nitration and Sulfonation Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Friedel–Crafts Acylation Substituted Benzenes Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Substituted Benzenes Why Substituents Activate or Deactivate a Benzene Ring Orientation Effects in Substituted Benzenes Limitations on Electrophilic Substitution Reactions with Substituted Benzenes Disubstituted Benzenes Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Multistep Synthesis	Classifying substituents as electron donating or electron withdrawing Drawing the products from reaction of a monosubstituted benzene with an electrophile Drawing the product(s) from reaction of a monosubstituted benzene with an electrophile Drawing the product(s) from reaction of a disubstituted benzene with an electrophile Divising a synthesis of a disubstituted benzene Devising a synthesis of a trisubstituted benzene
5	Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Reduction	General Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds A Preview of Oxidation and Reduction Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones The Stereochemistry of Carbonyl Reduction Enantioselective Carbonyl Reductions Reduction of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Oxidation of Aldehydes Organometallic Reagents Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones Retrosynthetic Analysis of Grignard Products Protecting Groups Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Other Compounds α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Summary—The Reactions of Organometallic Reagents Synthesis	Drawing all stereoisomers that form in a Grignard reaction Determining the starting materials for the preparation of an alcohol from an organolithium reagent and an ester Devisiing a synthesis of a ketone Using a protecting group Drawing the product that forms in the reaction of an a,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound with an organometallic reagent
6	Aldehydes and Ketones—Nucleophilic Addition	Nomenclature Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Interesting Aldehydes and Ketones Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones—General Considerations Nucleophilic Addition of H– and R–—A Review Nucleophilic Addition of –CN The Wittig Reaction Addition of 1° Amines Addition of 2° Amines Addition of H2O—Hydration Addition of Alcohols—Acetal Formation Acetals as Protecting Groups Cyclic Hemiacetals An Introduction to Carbohydrates	Drawing all stereoisomers that form in a Grignard reaction Synthesizing Wittig reagents by a two-step procedure Determining the starting materials for a Wittig reaction using retrosynthetic analysis Using an acetal as a protecting group Drawing the stereoisomers that form in the intramolecular cyclization of a hydroxy aldehyde Determining the reactive OH group that forms an acetal when treated with an alcohol and acid
7	Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles	Structure and Bonding Nomenclature Physical and Spectroscopic Properties Interesting Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles Aspirin, Arachidonic Acid, and Prostaglandins Preparation of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Acids—Strong Organic Brønsted–Lowry Acids Inductive Effects in Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids Substituted Benzoic Acids Extraction Amino Acids Nitriles	Drawing the products of an acid-base reaction involving a carboxylic acid Ranking benzoic acids in order of increasing acidity Separating a carboxylic acid from an alcohol by extraction Devising a synthesis
8	Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives- Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution	Structure and Bonding Nomenclature Physical and Spectroscopic Properties Interesting Esters and Amides Introduction to Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions of Acid Chlorides Reactions of Anhydrides Reactions of Carboxylic Acids Reactions of Esters Application: Lipid Hydrolysis Reactions of Amides Application: The Mechanism of Action of β-Lactam Antibiotics Summary of Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions Natural and Synthetic Fibers Biological Acylation Reactions	Using retrosynthetic analysis in a reductive amination Ranking arylamines in order of increasing basicity Ranking N atoms in order of increasing basicity Drawing the major and minor product formed from Hofmann elimination Devising a synthesis using diazonium salts Drawing the starting materials needed to synthesize an azo compound
10	Final Exam

Completion of Organic Chemistry I or its equivalent is strongly encouraged, though not required.

The required eTextbook for this course is included with your course purchase at no additional cost. More information on StraighterLine eTextbooks

Prefer the hard copy? Simply purchase from your favorite textbook retailer; you will still get the eTextbook for free.

This course does not require a text.

Your score provides a percentage score and letter grade for each course. A passing percentage is 70% or higher.

There are a total of 1000 points in the course:

2	Graded Exam 1	125	1-3
4	Graded Exam 2	125	4, 5
4	Midterm Exam	200	1-5
6	Graded Exam 3	125	6-8
9	Graded Exam 4	125	9, 10
10	Final Exam	300	1-10
Total		1000
Topic	Assessment	Points	LOs

No reviews have been submitted for Organic Chemistry II

Course Objectives

After completing the course, students will be able to:

Predict the appearance of product(s) of a dehydration reaction, Sn1 reaction, or epoxide ring opening.
Predict the appearance of product(s) of a alkene dihydroxylation or ozonolysis reaction.
Using the inscribed polygon method to determine if a compound is aromatic
Predict the appearance of product(s) from a monosubstituted, disubstituted, or trisubstituted benzene with an electrophile.
Predict the appearance of all stereoisomers that form in a Grignard reaction.
Predict the appearance of stereoisomers that form in the intramolecular cyclization of a hydroxy aldehyde.
Rank benzoic acids in order of increasing acidity
Determine the carboxylic acid and alcohol needed for a Fischer esterification.
Use retrosynthetic analysis in a reductive amination
Use spectroscopy to identify compounds.

Topic	Name	Subtopics	Objectives
1	Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds	Structure and Bonding Nomenclature Properties of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Interesting Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides General Features—Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes Carbocation Rearrangements Dehydration Using POCl3 and Pyridine Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides with HX Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides with SOCl2 and PBr3 Tosylate—Another Good Leaving Group Reaction of Ethers with Strong Acid Thiols and Sulfides Reactions of Epoxides Application: Epoxides, Leukotrienes, and Asthma Application: Benzo[α]pyrene, Epoxides, and Cancer	Determining the number of rings and pi bonds in a compound (C14H20) hydrogenated to a compound of molecular formula C14H26 Drawing the stereoisomers from alkene epoxidation with mCPBA Drawing the products of dihydroxylation of an alkene Drawing the products of an ozonolysis reaction Identifying an alkene from ozonolysis products Predicting the product of a Sharpless reaction
3	Benzene and Aromatic Compounds	The Structure of Benzene Nomenclature of Benzene Derivatives Spectroscopic Properties Interesting Aromatic Compounds Benzene’s Unusual Stability The Criteria for Aromaticity—Hückel’s Rule Examples of Aromatic Compounds Aromatic Heterocycles What Is the Basis of Hückel’s Rule? The Inscribed Polygon Method for Predicting Aromaticity	Determining if a cyclic, planar compound is aromatic, antiaromatic, or not aromatic Determining is a planar compound is aromatic, antiaromatic, or not aromatic Determining if a planar heterocyclic compound is aromatic, antiromantic or not aromatic Using the inscribed polygon method to determine if a compound is aromatic
4	Reactions of Aromatic Compounds	Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution The General Mechanism Halogenation Nitration and Sulfonation Friedel–Crafts Alkylation and Friedel–Crafts Acylation Substituted Benzenes Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Substituted Benzenes Why Substituents Activate or Deactivate a Benzene Ring Orientation Effects in Substituted Benzenes Limitations on Electrophilic Substitution Reactions with Substituted Benzenes Disubstituted Benzenes Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of Substituted Benzenes Multistep Synthesis	Classifying substituents as electron donating or electron withdrawing Drawing the products from reaction of a monosubstituted benzene with an electrophile Drawing the product(s) from reaction of a monosubstituted benzene with an electrophile Drawing the product(s) from reaction of a disubstituted benzene with an electrophile Divising a synthesis of a disubstituted benzene Devising a synthesis of a trisubstituted benzene
5	Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents; Oxidation and Reduction	General Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds A Preview of Oxidation and Reduction Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones The Stereochemistry of Carbonyl Reduction Enantioselective Carbonyl Reductions Reduction of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Oxidation of Aldehydes Organometallic Reagents Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Aldehydes and Ketones Retrosynthetic Analysis of Grignard Products Protecting Groups Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Reaction of Organometallic Reagents with Other Compounds α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Summary—The Reactions of Organometallic Reagents Synthesis	Drawing all stereoisomers that form in a Grignard reaction Determining the starting materials for the preparation of an alcohol from an organolithium reagent and an ester Devisiing a synthesis of a ketone Using a protecting group Drawing the product that forms in the reaction of an a,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound with an organometallic reagent
6	Aldehydes and Ketones—Nucleophilic Addition	Nomenclature Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones Interesting Aldehydes and Ketones Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones—General Considerations Nucleophilic Addition of H– and R–—A Review Nucleophilic Addition of –CN The Wittig Reaction Addition of 1° Amines Addition of 2° Amines Addition of H2O—Hydration Addition of Alcohols—Acetal Formation Acetals as Protecting Groups Cyclic Hemiacetals An Introduction to Carbohydrates	Drawing all stereoisomers that form in a Grignard reaction Synthesizing Wittig reagents by a two-step procedure Determining the starting materials for a Wittig reaction using retrosynthetic analysis Using an acetal as a protecting group Drawing the stereoisomers that form in the intramolecular cyclization of a hydroxy aldehyde Determining the reactive OH group that forms an acetal when treated with an alcohol and acid
7	Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles	Structure and Bonding Nomenclature Physical and Spectroscopic Properties Interesting Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles Aspirin, Arachidonic Acid, and Prostaglandins Preparation of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Acids—Strong Organic Brønsted–Lowry Acids Inductive Effects in Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids Substituted Benzoic Acids Extraction Amino Acids Nitriles	Drawing the products of an acid-base reaction involving a carboxylic acid Ranking benzoic acids in order of increasing acidity Separating a carboxylic acid from an alcohol by extraction Devising a synthesis
8	Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives- Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution	Structure and Bonding Nomenclature Physical and Spectroscopic Properties Interesting Esters and Amides Introduction to Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions of Acid Chlorides Reactions of Anhydrides Reactions of Carboxylic Acids Reactions of Esters Application: Lipid Hydrolysis Reactions of Amides Application: The Mechanism of Action of β-Lactam Antibiotics Summary of Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions Natural and Synthetic Fibers Biological Acylation Reactions	Using retrosynthetic analysis in a reductive amination Ranking arylamines in order of increasing basicity Ranking N atoms in order of increasing basicity Drawing the major and minor product formed from Hofmann elimination Devising a synthesis using diazonium salts Drawing the starting materials needed to synthesize an azo compound
10	Final Exam

Completion of Organic Chemistry I or its equivalent is strongly encouraged, though not required.

The required eTextbook for this course is included with your course purchase at no additional cost. More information on StraighterLine eTextbooks

Prefer the hard copy? Simply purchase from your favorite textbook retailer; you will still get the eTextbook for free.

This course does not require a text.

Your score provides a percentage score and letter grade for each course. A passing percentage is 70% or higher.

There are a total of 1000 points in the course:

2	Graded Exam 1	125	1-3
4	Graded Exam 2	125	4, 5
4	Midterm Exam	200	1-5
6	Graded Exam 3	125	6-8
9	Graded Exam 4	125	9, 10
10	Final Exam	300	1-10
Total		1000
Topic	Assessment	Points	LOs